Psychological Definitions of Abnormal Behavior Essay

According to the science of psychology one’s behavior needs to follow a certain criteria in order to be deemed â€Å"normal†. If one’s behavior does not match the criteria, their behavior is seen as undesirable and wrong (requires change). For this physiologists need to be able to view a person’s behavior and be able to tell the difference between normal and abnormal. Whilst defining the â€Å"normality† of ones behavior physiologists need to be careful to remain objective and as free of any bias as possible, furthermore their experiment to determine ones behavior needs to be repeatable and reliable. In order to do this psychologists often consults the characteristics of ideal mental health proposed by Marie Jahoda in 1958. Marie Jahoda proposed 6 different characteristics for ideal mental health after surveying different doctors and psychologists; this is the list she came up with: * Positive self esteem and a strong sense of identity * Personal growth and development * Ability to cope with stressful situations (integration) * Autonomy and independence * Accurate perception of reality * Successful mastery of the environment, particularly relationships. Jahoda argued that if one does not meet these criteria then ones behavior can be deemed abnormal as a result of an existing problem. This in my opinion provides a strong applicable foundation for the determination of ones â€Å"normality† of behavior. However the problem with Jahoda’s ideal mental health scheme is the fact that the results obtained rely solely on the observer’s judgment, therefore presenting a inevitable bias not to mention the fact that no person can truly ever meet all of the suggested criteria. This mean that according to Jahoda every person is abnormal. Another way to look for abnormal behavior for psychologists is to find deviation form the social norm (majority). This is done by observing ones actions in public and seeing how normal it is. For example if you see someone wearing a bikini/swim trunks whilst walking around a supermarket, his or her behavior would be deemed as abnormal. The limitations of observing behavior in this manor lay in the fact that different cultures have different norms. Not to mention the fact that in any given culture norms evolve. What may have once been acceptable in the 80’s is not necessarily acceptable today. Abnormality of one’s behavior can also be monitored by looking at its statistical frequency. Meaning how common ones behavior is when compared to the rest of the public. If one’s behavior is shared by many it is deemed common and therefore â€Å"normal†, however if ones behavior is uncommon or rare, it is deemed abnormal. For example one may say that an individual who has an IQ below or above the average level of IQ in society is abnormal. The problem with this system is the fact that, it does not account for the desirability of the given behavior. In other words this system claims that both low and high IQ’s are an abnormality that need to be treated. Physiologists and others interested in â€Å"normality†, look over at ones behavior to see how well they can function. If one is unable to function adequately they are deemed abnormal. In order to determine how well one functions, psychologists consult Rosenhan and Seligman’s list of characteristics that define abnormality (1989). Rosenhan and Seligman argued that in order to classify someone as â€Å"inadequate in life† they must meet several of the characteristics as a pose to only one. This is their list: * Suffering * Maladaptiveness (danger to self) * Vividness & unconventionality (stands out) * Unpredictably & loss of control * Irrationality/incomprehensibility * Causes observer discomfort * Violates moral/social standards The possible limitation to Rosenhan and Seligman’s list of characteristics is the fact that â€Å"normal† people engage in activates which are potentially harmful like drinking or smoking, these people are not classed as abnormal. It is very difficult to classify behavior as to date no scheme to do so exists, which is perfect. Physiologists must tread carefully when labeling one with a disorder. Bias will always be present in one form or another, however the results can be deemed reliable if practicing psychologists consult multiple schemes in order to have a better chance of an accurate diagnosis. Bibliography * Class handout â€Å"abnormal?† Mrs campion. * â€Å"DefiningAbnormality.† AS Psychology /. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. . * â€Å"Abnormal Psychology.† Abnormal Psychology. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. .

Urbanisation has changed the face of Mumbai

After living in this busy metropolis, this island of islands for about 17 years I’ve realised one thing – your senses are automatically heightened. Whether it’s your eyes that are constantly alert in the fast paced traffic or your ears that are forced to hear a cacophony of trains, vendors and honking cars. Your mouth and taste buds that have grown accustomed to Mumbai’s spicy, flavoursome cuisine. And of course, we’ve all had the chance to travel in a packed local train, scared that we’d get pick-pocketed, it’s like we’re born with a heightened sense of touch too.But I perceive Mumbai to be a â€Å"city of smells†. By this, I don’t imply that ours is a city full of stench and smog, no it’s much more than that! Like each home has a distinct smell of its own, Mumbai has these particular aromas and scents that define the city and give it character. The moment you step into Mumbai, your impression about the cit y could vary, depending on whether you’re an optimist or a pessimist. A pessimist would complain about the foul odour that comes from the slums, (You should know that Mumbai is home to one of the largest slums in Asia – Dharavi, so that’s a lot of stink! , the amount of vehicular pollution and smoke from cigarettes, the malodour of overflowing sewage etc. An optimist, on the other hand would enjoy the sterile, sanitised smell of malls, hotels which are plenty in Mumbai. Or you could be a realist like me and believe the city has a dual identity with motley collection of fragrances and odours. But that’s a discussion for later. Urbanisation has changed the face of Mumbai entirely – quaint little bungalows with terracotta tiled roofs are replaced with high rises made of chrome and glass. Niwas-es† and ‘Sadans’ are pulled down to make way for ‘Towers’ and ‘Heights’. However there still are some remaining gar dens and patches of green like the Hanging Gardens, Jijamata Udyan, the Sanjay Gandhi National Park to name a few. Mumbaikars still visit these parks to get a whiff of nature. And how can I forget the numerous â€Å"Chaafa† or champa trees with their sweet smelling flowers! Ironically this fast pace of industrialisation and development hasn’t improved the condition of public toilets in the city. Most Mumbaikars still cringe at the stink that comes from our city’s ‘shauchalayas’.The part of Mumbai that I enjoy the most is the sea. As a child, I’d know that we were passing by some â€Å"Chowpatty† or beach by the crisp saltiness in the air. Mumbai’s fish markets smell of the salty sea too – it’s the smell of freshly caught fish. Most times these markets give off the odour of rotting fish – an odour I still find repulsive. And then there is the floating smell of sukka bombil or Bombay duck dried in the sun near the coast! Another way of knowing that you’re near a crowded beach is the inescapable smell of chaat.The aroma of herbs, garam masala, the tang of squeezed lemons in a plate of bhelpuri or sev puri are enough to set the juices going in your mouth! You’d also smell vadapavs being friend and pav bhaaji being prepared – taka-tak – two dishes that originated in Mumbai. And then there is the smell of piping hot ‘cutting chai’, (The term cutting chai is said to have originated in Mumbai too! ) sold at tea stalls at every nukkad of Mumbai. Every meal in India usually ends with â€Å"paan†. Another common feature on the streets and many walls of Mumbai are paan stains which have their own disagreeable stink.Sometimes I can tell which part of Mumbai I’m in only by the distinctive redolence of that part. I know my train is passing through Andheri when I get a whiff of baked biscuits because the Parle G factory is very close to Andheri st ation. I know that my taxi has taken a turn at King’s Circle because of the aroma of freshly ground coffee beans and the local cafes serving original south-Indian filter coffee. For that matter I still associate the aroma of freshly baked bread, cakes and cookies from the string of bakeries in my very own Orlem.Travelling in local trains has become a part of the daily routine of a large number of Mumbaikars. More than often these trains are overcrowded, filled with more passengers than can fit in. Now it’s not the sea of bodies that I have an issue with, it’s the smell of human sweat that’s the problem! At such times I dream of Mumbai during the monsoon. There is nothing more beautiful, more gratifying than rains in the city! It gives us Mumbaikars relief from the summer heat, the air smells fresh and clean. The smell of wet mud right after a shower is almost magical. Yes, such earthy fragrances are a part of Mumbai too!

How to Write a Research Paper Essay

â€Å"This should be sent to a journal† â€Å"Very good work, but I’m not sure why Alan Bundy hasn’t written this? † Anonymous review: â€Å"Clearly the author fails to understands Walsh’s previous work on this topic† †¢ 1st Lesson †¢ Don’t lose heart †¢ Even if you do everything right, reviewing is imperfect Good papers will be rejected But try to learn from your knock-backs! †¢ †¢ Why you? †¢ Academic career †¢ Publish or perish †¢ Have an impact †¢ †¢ Communicate your results Many have not had the impact they deserve for being bad writers †¢ Writing is fun! Outline †¢ How to get your paper rejected. There are many traps even experienced researchers make Myself very much included †¢ †¢ Hints about how to write a paper †¢ Writing is a craft not a science! How to be rejected †¢ Submit over-length †¢ Blind man: send in 7 pages even though the instructions clearly say 5 Once they see quality of work, they’ll be pleased you sent in more material †¢ How to be rejected Submit over-length †¢ †¢ Diplomatic immunity: put extra 2 pages in appendix Appendices clearly don’t count Similarly, bibliography doesn’t count †¢ †¢ How to be rejected †¢ Submit over-length †¢ LaTeX hacker: †¢ †¢ †¢ change from 11 to 9 point font squeeze inter-line space †¦ †¢ No one will ever notice How to be rejected †¢ Submit late †¢ †¢ †¢ Deadlines are meant for everyone else Review schedules have plenty of slack Your paper is worth the wait! How to be rejected †¢ You don’t have room for space wasters like: †¢ Motivation, Background, Related work †¢ Why do review forms always have these on them anyway? How to be rejected †¢ Annoy reader/reviewer †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Proof is trivial, when it isn’t Prove the trivial Fail to cite their work Only cite yourself How to be rejected †¢ Annoy reader/reviewer †¢ Don’t bother to spell check †¢ What do computers know about spelling anyway? Use all the old cliches †¢ â€Å"There has been a lot of interest recently in global constraints. † How to be rejected †¢ Annoy reader/reviewer †¢ Be pompous, boring, †¦ †¢ This is science not literature guys, who said it should be fun? †¢ Be overly formal †¢ Theorems and formulas add weight How to be rejected †¢ Annoy reader/reviewer †¢ Make them really work †¢ After all, these are dif? cult concepts and it took you some time †¦ †¢ Ignore reviews †¢ Just keep sending paper in, eventually it will be accepted How to write a paper †¢ Hints about how to write †¢ †¢ †¢ Preparation Writing itself Ethics Preparation. Read, read, read! †¢ To learn how to write, read a lot †¢ I spend over 20% of my time reading †¢ 1 day/week in library Read, Read, Read †¢ Related literature †¢ †¢ †¢ So you can cite it So you don’t re-invent wheels So you know what others think are important research questions Read, Read, Read †¢ Other conference/journal papers where you intend to publish †¢ †¢ So you learn the â€Å"house† style So you can place your work within the bigger picture So you learn how to ask good questions †¢ Read, Read, Read †¢ Any sort of literature †¢ Magazines, novels, biographies, †¦ †¢ Writing is a skill, learn from others †¢ I read approx one novel/week as a way of trying to learn how to write And I have the luxury of writing in my own language! †¢ Review, Review, Review †¢ Review as much as you can †¢ †¢ †¢ So you see good/bad writing So you see the newest results (but see ethics) So you ask yourself good questions †¢ What is the contribution here? What are the weaknesses? †¦ Write, Write, Write †¢ The best preparation to writing is to write †¢ †¢ Writing gets easier the more you do it Writing is easier if you’ve drafted much of what you already need Writing is the best way to organize your thoughts Writing is a good way to record what you have done. †¢ †¢ Writing †¢ Work out the timetable †¢ †¢ †¢ Rushed papers frequently rejected Late papers are almost always rejected If you always write to deadlines, writing will seem more painful than it is Writing †¢ Work out the message †¢ You should be able to convey this in one sentence †¢ â€Å"We propose a new global constraint, provide a ? ltering algorithm and show it useful on some standard benchmarks† Writing †¢ Work out the message †¢ You should be able to convey this in one sentence †¢ â€Å"We identify an important class of symmetry, and show how to break it† †¢ Write to the message! Writing †¢ Distribute the work †¢ †¢ Play to your strengths If you have a native speaker, have them write intro/conclusion †¦ †¢ Write to length †¢ Brutally cut papers are frequently rejected Writing †¢ †¢ Structure paper before you write it I write template for paper with sections and subsection headings ? rst †¢ Intro, Background, Theoretical results, Empirical results, Related work, Conclusions Writing †¢ †¢ Start where you are most happy Often write from the middle outwards †¢ Theoretical results, Experiments, †¦ , Conclusions, Introduction, Abstract Writing †¢ †¢ Rule of Three Say everything 3 times! †¢ †¢ †¢ Introduce idea (introduction) Develop idea (body of paper) Summarize result (conclusions) †¢ But don’t copy verbatim the same text! Title †¢ Make it meaningful and brief †¢ †¢ Don’t make a joke Remember someone reading reference needs to be able to work out likely contents Good: the TSP phase transition Bad: Easy Problems are sometimes Hard †¢ †¢ Abstract †¢ Executive summary †¢ Try for one sentence or so on: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Motivation Method Key result Conclusions Introduction †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ What is the problem? Why is it interesting? What are your contributions? What is the outline of what you will show? Introduction. †¢ Lure the reader in a with a good ? rst sentence †¢ Bad: There has been a lot of work recently on phase transition behaviour†¦ Good: Global constraints are central to the success of constraint programming†¦ †¢ Background †¢ Often need to set scene †¢ †¢ †¢ De? ne formalism Get reader up to speed Identify research problem Body of Paper †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Derive theoretical results Propose new algorithm Describe system engineered †¦ Results †¢ Bullet proof paper †¢ Theoretical results †¢ Experiments only provide a limited view †¢ Experimental results †¢ Theory doesn’t show if results are useful in practice. Related work †¢ Has many purposes †¢ †¢ †¢ You give proper credit to prior work You are not re-inventing wheel You can compare what you do with what has been done before Conclusions †¢ †¢ Remind reader of what you have done Place work in wider context †¢ â€Å"What general lessons might be learnt from this study? † †¢ Flag all the exciting open research directions Acknowledgements †¢ Thank all who have helped you †¢ Provided code, data sets, †¦ †¢ Thank ? nancial sponsors Writing †¢ Keep it simple! †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Active, not passive Present, not past or future Long words Short sentences Writing †¢ Avoid temptation to include every result you have †¢ †¢ †¢ Paper needs to be coherent Paper needs to be understandable Many papers are rejected for having too many results! Ethics of Writing †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Authorship Citation Submission Publication Authorship †¢ Who should be an author? †¢ Anyone who has made a signi? cant contribution May not have written any text! Always err on the side of caution †¢ †¢ Authorship †¢ Who should be an author? †¢ †¢ †¢ Ask! You’ll be surprised how often people refuse You can be sure they’ll not work with you again if they feel they should be Authorship †¢ Should my advisor be an author? In ? rst few years of thesis, probably yes .. Once you graduate, you should (be able to) write papers on your own Again, ask! †¢ Citation †¢ Cite all relevant work †¢ †¢ †¢ Reviews always ask about Related Work You’ll want them to cite you It’s central to the scienti? c method †¢ We stand on the shoulders of others Citation †¢ Do I cite myself for a blind review? †¢ †¢ †¢ Yes! You must credit all previous work Either cite [Author, 2004] Or write â€Å"As Walsh has shown previously [Walsh 2004] †¦ † Submission †¢ Can I submit to multiple conferences? †¢ What’s the deal with the disclaimer (†This paper is not under review ..†)? †¢ Can I submit to a journal immediately? †¢ †¢ No hard and fast rules My rule, once reviews are back and paper is effectively in press †¦ Publication †¢ Can I publish my conference paper as it is in a journal? †¢ Probably not, even though conference is not archival Most journals ask you to extend conference paper substantially †¢ †¢ Proofs, more experiments, †¦ Final words †¢ It takes time to learn how to write †¢ Don’t be put off if at ? rst your have papers rejected All of us have papers rejected †¢ †¢ Spend time learning how to write †¢ It will be worth the investment.

Associate and Joint Ventures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Associate and Joint Ventures - Essay Example oint venture is likely to be determined by a number of factors including size of enterprise, the expected length of the venture, the identity and location of the entities and the objectives of the participants. The reason behind this strategic alliance between the companies is not a single one in fact there are many. Companies engage in these activities to benefit more and reduce the risk involved with competition and failure. Here are a few advantages which the companies seek in order to maintain growth and expansion due to a Venture. By forming a joint venture a company can easily expand their business and could possibly cover more market share in the market. This is because the company has more resources, greater capacity, a better distribution channel A joint venture also makes a company more flexible because a joint venture are formed for a limited life span and also it only covers part of company’s processes, therefore joint ventures limits both the company’s commitment and the business exposure in the existing market. Since different businesses have different size of business, therefore by forming a joint venture with a small business with a larger business the smaller business is not able to invest or bring in more assets into the venture as compare to the larger business, this results in an imbalance in the joint venture. A simple and easy to form venture is a partnership. It is the relation which exists between persons carrying on a familiar business. There are also certain mixtures of mediums or arrangements, such as limited liability partnership. However tax and commercial factors may sometimes lead to the use of an unincorporated system, e.g. a partnership or limited partnership, the stream of ventures is mostly between companies or those entities which are recognized well. The simplest form of association for joint ventures is an agreement under which the participants consent to associate as autonomous contractors rather than shareholders

Case project Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Project - Case Study Example been developed to cater for the different operating systems and large file sizes include Smartsector for windows and Linux dd for the Linux operating system which are able to operate in both file by file and sector by sector modes of imaging hence increasing the speed of fragmentation. These new technologies are also able to image from more than a single storage device including hard drives, removable media devices and tapes. In order to acquire an image disk from a Linux operating system, various methods of acquiring images have been developed including: Safeback version 2.0 technique which is able to acquire images on various operating systems on the IDE drives of computers using the sector by sector method; the snapback DataArrest technique which acquires images on SCSI drives of computers using the sector by sector method and DIBS RAID technique which performs optical acquisition of images on both the SCSI drive and the IDE drive of the computer using both the sector by sector and the file by file methods. These methods hold a major strength in the fact that they are able to handle large amounts of data unlike the traditional methods. However, the most appropriate tool to use is the Linux dd version 7.0. This tool acquires images from the hard drive of the computer. External storage devices such a removable disks, tapes, flash drives and compact disks can also be used with this tool to perform imaging in a Linux environment. Linux dd version 7.0 is able to perform image verification by AMD5 checksum verification method [2]. This tool shows high levels of strength in computing complexity and it is very good in detection modification. The probability of programs collision is very low. Imaging is then done on the SCSI drive of the computer unlike other methods of imaging that perform imaging in the IDE drive. Copying of data into the hard drive is normally done using both modes of imaging which are sector by sector and file by file. This tool is able to

Distributed Connectivity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Distributed Connectivity - Essay Example An example of such an application used by engineers is mechatronics. This is a system level approach used in designing electromechanical systems, which incorporates mechanical, electrical and software design systems in formulating new engineering design.(www.ni.com). Engineers are able to improve the design process through the use of graphical tools and design software and are able to experiment with a variety of prototypes by building models of new designs. The integration of various systems, electrical, mechanical as well as computer aided design systems enables testing of the models using the simulation process in order to identify potential faults that may exist and how these can be corrected effectively. Rather than building expensive, real life models that can be costly to construct and test, integrating engineering with distributed connectivity enables the use of graphical computer aided design and simulation systems. This ensures that model building and testing can be carried out within a virtual medium which replicates the real life medium, but at a much lower cost. One of the tools that may be used by engineering in the virtual model building and design process is Field programmable gate array (FPGA) chips, which are able to provide high speed control and measurements. Engineers can use these FPGA chips to run PID control loops at 200 Khz, in order to ensure precise actuator and motion controls. .(www.ni.com). Since such systems also allow user interactivity, this means that engineers can effectively execute modifications and changes as necessary based upon the feedback received from the control systems and graphical interfaces. In general distributed interconnectivity is possible through an increased use of computer based systems, which ensure that processing time is speeded up considerably, with the possibility

OPM300 - Intro. to Operations Mgmt. CA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

OPM300 - Intro. to Operations Mgmt. CA - Essay Example uch, Event O is the most likely candidate because crashing Event O will result to a compensation of two weeks, which is just sufficient to compensate for the weeks lost in extending Event B. The key player in the success of a project is undoubtedly the project manager. Their roles include managing the project throughout the project cycle, balancing technical, schedule, and cost performance, solving problems expeditiously as they arise, and inspiring and motivating the entire team (Forsberg, Mooz, & Cotterman, 2005). With a project as extensive and large scale as the one described above, a project manager needs to have the right skills and tools in facing and overcoming the many different challenges that such a project can produce (Elearn Limited (Great Britain), 2005). One such challenge would be that project teams may be geographically dispersed. Since projects are usually collaborative efforts, different team members may be physically located in locations that may cause logistic challenges (Kerzner, 2009). Thus, a project manager must know how to ensure that logistic considerations are put in place when scheduling required events. Another problem that a project manager may face is the challenge of overbooked and mismanaged resources. Due to certain shortcoming, project teams may not have accurate information about their resources and what they are working on (Archibald, 2003). Some project teams may have more demand for projects than they have team members to execute the projects. Thus, a project manager has to be aware of these limitations and be alert enough to compensate

An Examination of Obamas Inaugural Speech Essay

An Examination of Obamas Inaugural Speech - Essay Example Despite its lack of the excitement aroused by his earlier speeches, this inaugural speech had the basic ingredients of the art of rhetoric characteristic of most political and civil movement speeches. Because of its messages and the use of the fundamentals of rhetoric, President Obama’s inaugural speech has been described by many as a moment and speech that the American people had longed for since the election night. In fact, some feared that they might have died without hearing such a speech. Besides being the first African-American to be sworn in as president of the United States of America, President Obama wrote a speech that both his opponents and supporters will remember for quite some time. In fact, the speech introduced a new era of leadership and communication in the country. The speech was not only well written but was also well-read, a feat quite hard to achieve if the performance of the post-2996 inaugural speeches is anything to go by (Walker 8). There was plenty of anaphora in President Obama’s inaugural speech, in which many words were repeated at the beginning of neighboring clauses and sentences. For instance, he said, â€Å"Our workers are no less productive than when this crisis began. Our minds are no less inventive, our goods and services no less needed than they were last week or last month or last year. Our capacity remains undiminished.† In addition, anaphora was evident when he said, â€Å"For us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in search of a new life. For us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the West, endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth.† The other fundamental of rhetoric used in the President’s speech was ethos when he said, "From the grandest capitals to the  small village where my father was born.† The speech was also delivered at the grandest of stages by a man â€Å"†¦whose father less than 60 years ago might not have been served at a local restaurant can now stand before you to take a most sacred oath.†

What people-management tools can be applied to enhance levels of Essay

What people-management tools can be applied to enhance levels of service quality exhibited by low-budget flight attendants You need to justify your recommendations on theoretical and empirical evidence - Essay Example The productivity of human resources depends on the way human resource managers manage them during their working hours on the job. If human resources are managed effectively, the result is always an increase in their motivation and drive to do work. The work of these managers is therefore to look for ways to enhance their motivation and all other things will fall into place. Managers who are ineffective in their performance sometimes face opposition and rejection by workers, they may face sabotage for those decision and strategies that are implemented in the hope of ensuring increased performance in the organization. The Flight Industry is one of the sectors that are associated with a lot of prestige by many people. Employees joining the industry are always beaming with huge expectations of better pay and flight adventure in destinations across the world. The fact is that like other industries, there are companies that offer low cost flight services to the clients, this means that, flight attendants have to be prepared to cope in such an industry in order to enjoy their work responsibilities and grow their careers. In the flight industry, emotions are a normal part of life; this is the case in any service industry. Workers are expected to keep smiling and showing their clients a happy face even when the flight attendants are experiencing work stress (Suvanto, 1989, p. 23). New employees who are brought on board as flight attendants must learn how to adapt to the demanding work circumstances; they have to understand that smiling is an important thing that has to be maintained. In general, emotions play an important role in any work environment, they tell the kind of experiences that one is passing through, positive emotions elicit increased motivations that increase work performance. Emotional management is one of the most important responsibilities of human

International Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

International Marketing - Essay Example It depends upon the quality of manufacturing and distribution of the products and services. In several cases, sales and acceptance of products depends on country of origin of those products. However, if a product’s country of Origin is UK then the product should avail high marker preference and customer demand as each and every person around the globe perceives that products of these regions are good in quality comparing to other global areas. On the other hand, foreign branding has an effective impact on the sales and acceptance of products. It is true that several organizations use foreign branding strategy in order to achieve significant market growth within the local market place. If an US based perfume manufacturing and distributing organizations develops its brand name in French style then the organization can develop potential customer base around the globe due to that specific foreign brand name. There are specific types of organizations that do not use local brand nam e for the home manufactured products. They use foreign brand name in order to attract the attention of target customers towards the product. 8A: Difference between COO and CE The Country of Origin (COO) is explained as the country where the product is manufactured in the process of production. The country of origin could be treated as the place of origin of the product or where the growth of the product has occurred before expansion. The country of origin is linked with the issues of product quality, customer service, credibility and loyalty. In case the product information is missing, COO could serve as an important clue for the information on product characteristic and the product performance.... This essay approves that development and image of a brand highly depends upon the country of origin of a product. It is true that all the countries around the globe do not follow similar manufacturing and distribution process. In addition to this, similar types of products of various countries s cannot be similar in terms of quality and service. The manufacturing industry in UK could be cited as an example that could take advantage of the aspect of customer ethnocentrism. The manufacturing industry in UK has slowed down after the global financial recession and is trailing in the list of developed countries across the world like USA, Japan, Germany, France and Italy. This is due to the weakness of major infrastructural facilities like the availability of labour, finance, etc. The high cost of labour, tightened parameter for lending would create shortage of source of finance. The higher cost and lesser volume of products would also urge the customers to look for alternative options. This report makes a conclusion that the topics that have been considered for the purpose of presentation have been studied and analyzed as given above. The various questions related to the topic on foreign branding, country of origin and customer ethnocentrism have explored in order to be fully prepared for the presentation of the topic. In both the presentations of week 7B and 8A, the arguments related to the topic have used to expand the topic under the theoretical framework. The examples related to the industry of the domestic market have been used to support the theoretical framework.

Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Assessment - Essay Example The purpose of assignment is to make the learners execute the skills learned in the class on a particular case assigned to them by the teacher. Assignments may be individual or be group assignments depending upon the complexity of the tasks and the resources required to achieve them. Group projects are usually more complicated tasks that are achieved by the students in supervision of the teacher. Class tests and final exam are part of the process and they tend to assess the skills gained by the learners till those respective points in time. I would use quizzes, viva, and individual assignments to develop the skills of my learners individually and use group projects to develop their interpersonal skills. â€Å"The primary goal is to choose a method which most effectively assesses the objectives of the unit of study† (Oxford Brookes University, 2011). In these group projects, learners will be expected to learn about the various types of health and beauty salons, the different kinds of beauty treatments that these salons offer, and the services of hairdressing in the form of a completed advertisement poster, booklet, or worksheet. The strength of quizzes is that they encourage students to pay attention to the lecture all the time. The limitation is that students require close supervision for the assessment to be fair. The strength of assignments is that they provide the learners with an opportunity to demonstrate their skills individually on a particular case. The limitation is that students may copy one another’s work especially when the same assignment has been given to all. Group projects may be used to develop interpersonal skills in the learners so that they are able to work in the professional life as part of a team. Coordination among the workers in a health and beauty salon is very important because many clients are delivered services by a group of professional workers, some doing the hair while others applying

Teaching assistant Essay Example for Free

Teaching assistant Essay A child’s main development from a new born baby to a 2 year old infant consists of a completely dependent newborn to a child who can lift their head and crawl within 6 months. Around this age a child’s growth begins to slow down to a weight gain of 450-600 grams a month, to then developing those skills to being able to walk within 2 years. A 3 year old would increase by roughly 1.8 kilograms and 5-8 centimetres, stereotypically they should continue to grow taller and slimmer however this will depend on nutrition and genetic makeup. At the age of 6 a child continues to gain, specifically between 8 – 9 years old. 2. Analyse key social, economic and enviroment factors, which may influence development. Approximately around 2.5 million children in the UK live in poverty, this ineffectively creates a social disadvantage, resulting in parents not being able to provide the necessary nutritional balanced diet because they are unemployed or on a low income. Parents and children within this category tend to live in poor housing, which can lead to overcrowding which lack the physical and personal resources needed for a child’s growth. 3. Describe children’s overall development needs. A child’s environment is a key factor that can prohibit or aid development. A positive environment with love and care will develop their socialising ability into creating relationships with others. Factors such as overcrowding, air, water and noise pollution have been proven to prohibit a child’s growth and development.

German Essays Enlightenment and Religious Tolerance

German Essays Enlightenment and Religious Tolerance Enlightenment and Religious Tolerance in Gotthold Ephraim Lessings Die Juden and Nathan der Weise. Because of the impact of the intellectual revolution, the eighteenth century is frequently referred to as the Age of Reason. More specifically, the term Enlightenment is used because a major feature of this era was the minds emphasis on using rationality as a framework within which to view major philosophical issues. According to Benson and DiYanni, the Enlightenment continued an emphasis on secular concerns that began during the Renaissance and continued with the rise of scientific and philosophical thought during the seventeenth century (2005: 397). During this epoch, superstition came to be replaced with logical thought and analysis. These influences can be seen in the works of Gotthold Ephraim Lessing. Lessing is considered by many to be a major representative of the Enlightenment Era. He was well known as a dramatist, critic, and philosopher during this time frame in Germany, and his works remain popular and influential even in contemporary times. In terms of religious tolerance, Lessings philosophies are perhaps best represented by two of his dramatic pieces, Nathan der Weise, or Nathan the Wise, and Die Juden, or The Jews. According to one scholar, these two plays by Lessing are instructive examples that demonstrate, when read in light of the historical specificity of their context, the force of critical thinking that drove Lessing (Goetschel 2003: 63). Lessings impact is still felt today. According to Garland, The Jews had shown [Lessings] deep antipathy to the unreasonable hatred directed against that people (1962: 191). In the eighteenth century, the ideas introduced by the Enlightenment had far-reaching effects on Western society. In fact, many of those ideas remain influential to this day. Formerly, much of Europe had been plagued by archaic prejudices towards those whose religious faith was considered to be a minority. This theme is nowhere more evident than in Lessings plays, Nathan the Wise and The Jews According to Goetschel, both of these works are evidence of Lessings critical concern to rethink both the claims of Christianity and the groundwork of modern national identity (2003: 63). Gotthold Ephraim Lessing was born in the quiet country town of Kamenz. His father, Johann Gottfried Lessing, was an educated man, but he was not wealthy. He worked as an assistant pastor in Kamenz It was from him that the younger Lessing got his love of books, something that would last throughout his life. Lessing attended the University of Leipzig. Leipzig was a new world for the young man. It was far different from Kamenz. In fact, it was sometimes known as Little Paris because of the level of sophistication that existed there (Garland 1962: 7). Lessings early literary works included Damon and The Young Scholar Neither of these works gave any indication that Lessing would eventually come to be known as the father of German literature, although The Young Scholar enjoyed a brief spate of popularity on the stage. During his youth, Lessing exhibited a tendency to rebel against the status quo. This became particularly clear during his college days. Correspondence between him and his parents shows evidence of a young man of great curiosity, and one for whom a tried and true path would not suffice. His parents wished the best for him, naturally: a steady career that would bring him stability and a modest amount of comfort. It was also hoped that Lessing, as the eldest, would establish himself in order to contribute to the education of his younger siblings. However, this was not the path that Lessing chose to follow. His adventurous spirit, combined with his youth, and the atmosphere of Leipzig, all combined to determine a path that would veer from his parents wishes. These experiences led him to become a thinker and writer who was ahead of his time, as well as one of the finest minds of the German Enlightenment. Lessings Plays: Nathan the Wise and The Jews. In many ways, Nathan the Wise can be considered a play that was ahead of its time. According to Wilms, this play is canonized not just in German literature, but also in the liberal Enlightenment reception of that literature and its tradition (2002: 306). The central theme is the concept of brotherhood among mankind. Through the vehicle of drama, Lessing puts forth the message that people should be able to exist in harmony despite their religious denomination or group affiliation. For example, it should not matter whether one is a Jew, a Christian, or a Muslim; people should respect each other and coexist peacefully no matter what religious affiliations they have. Lessings primary message in Nathan the Wise is that the main consideration should be the value of individuals as human beings, and that group membership is secondary to this. This is the concept that the character of Nathan proposes. The role of money in this play merits some attention. Lessing uses money as a prop and as a theme. It is an integral part of the discourse of the play. According to Graham, from the first moiment of the pla we are never allowed to forget Nathans association with money and the desirable goods that money can buy (1973: 179). Money, and the power of money, are apparently very important to Lessing here. It is also significant to note that Nathan is rarely the recipient of money. He is rather, the giver. The suggestion that Nathan is wise may play a role here. This may be yet another way in which Lessing underscores the value of giving rather than receiving. As Graham notes, the religious impulse of surrendering the grateful self to the giver of life reverberates in every one of these situations, in varying degreees of consciousness, and in every instance soemthing of the same release of love is experienced and communicated (1973: 185). It can be said that the true villain of Lessings play is the insidious hatred that is passed down from one generation to the next. This hatred is a complex mixture of mistrust and ignorance and is so deeply ingrained in people that often it remains unquestioned, simply a part of life. Nathan the Wise is often considered a vehicle in which Lessings theological beliefs are given voice. Lessing believed in freedom of thought and was a serious student of theology. In some ways, it appears that Nathan the Wise is a mixture of various theological ideologies, many of which also appear in Lessings Erziehung des Menschengeschlechts, or Education of the Human Race, which was published in 1780. According to Wilms, in Nathan the Wise, rationality successfully overcomes a series of obstacles and works its way into a traditional Lebenswelt dominated by prejudice that does not shy away from murder and even genocide (2002: 306). The triumph of rationality here is a central theme of Lessings work. He takes on the traditional themes of religious dogma in this play and shows how individuals can take a rational approach to them The title of the play refers to the main character, Nathan. The play takes place in Jerusalem, where Nathan lives as a prosperous Jew. The time frame is in the twelfth century. In the play, it is significant that Nathan adopts an orphan. The orphan happens to be Christian, but this does not matter to Nathan, who simply takes her into his home because she was the daughter of a friend. Immediately we see that Nathan is the kind of character to rise above petty details, and to act in the interests of humanity above all else.   Considering the time and setting, this is certainly no ordinary act. Tension builds, however, when a suitor comes into the picture. Nathan is aware of the inherent danger in this situation. Should the identity of his adoptive daughter be made known, the results would most undoubtedly be tragic for all involved. This use of hidden identity was common in the literary works of Lessings time, and it is used quite effectively in this play. Ultimately, Lessings message in Nathan the Wise is that humanity is far more important than religious affiliation. Lessing asserts that the worth of people should not based on what religion individuals are born into, or on blood relations, but rather on the very fact that they are human. According to Garland, anti-Semitism had lessened somewhat, but was still considered widespread during the period of time in which Lessing was writing. The theme of the play is that people cannot be judged by their religious affiliations. The plot of the play is simple, ostensibly to allow the theme to stand out. The character of the Baron is clearly full of strong anti-Semitic prejudices. Therefore, when he is attacked by robbers, he immediately concludes that the perpetrators were of the Jewish persuasion, in keeping with his beliefs. It is of course ironic that the attackers are found to be Christian. Furthermore, they are employees of the Baron himself. As for the noble Stranger who rescues the Baron, he is revealed to be Jewish himself. This puts the Baron in a rather awkward situation, as he has promised the hand of his daughter to The Stranger in return for his gallantry. Of course, once the Stranger has identified himself as a Jew, the wedding is now unthinkable. According to Garland, Lessings interest is clearly centered on the serious aspects of the play The moral is pointed not only by the action, but is also underlined by frequent passages of dialogue (1962: 111). Here, as in Nathan the Wise, Lessing effectively uses the tactic of the hidden identity to elucidate his point. Once again, the message is that humanity is far more important than religious affiliation. In The Jews, Lessing asserts again that the worth of people should not be based on what religion individuals are born into This is quite apparent when it turns out that the Barons attackers are in fact the very servants on whom he relies. The person who saves him, The Stranger, turns out to be a Jew himself, which adds to the irony. Lessings attitude to orthodoxy is rather complex. Much of his beliefs in his early life were strongly influenced by his friend, the freethinker Mylius. Mylius befriended him in Leipzig. Several years older, Mylius had a great deal of influence on his young protà ©gà © In a letter to his father, written when he was twenty years old, we can see the evolution of the young Lessings thoughts about religion: Time will prove whether he is the better Christian, who has the principles of Christian doctrine in his memory, and on his lips, often without understanding them, who goes to church and observes all the practices (of religion) just because they are customary; or he who has once prudently doubted and has reached conviction by the path of investigation, or at an rate strives to reach it. The Christian religion is not a thing which one should accept on trust from ones parents (quoted in Garland 1962: 151). Seeds of unrest and a pull towards independent thinking are apparent even at this early stage in Lessings development. We can already see this tendency to be skeptical of church-goers whose actions are at odds with their stated beliefs. As stated earlier, anti-Semitism was somewhat less pronounced during this period, although it still clearly existed. The idea that people should not be judged by their religious affiliations seems to have already taken hold in Lessings young mind. According to Garland, Lessing was struck by the obvious divergence between the doctrine of Christ and the mode of life of many of those who passed as Christians (1962: 152). He was very much aware of the hypocrisy inherent in many who claimed to be Christians. Even as a young man, he was easily incensed by intolerance towards religious practices. He seemed to have little respect for orthodox theologies that had little room for the beliefs of others. In the eighteenth century, as discussed earlier, the ideas introduced by the Enlightenment had far-reaching effects on Western society. In fact, many of those ideas remain influential to this day. Formerly, much of Europe had been plagued by archaic prejudices towards those whose religious faith was considered to be a minority. Conclusion The period of the Enlightenment in Europe signaled a change in thinking. As representative pieces, these two plays by Lessing are examples of these new attitudes towards religion. Because of the impact of the intellectual revolution, the eighteenth century is frequently referred to as the Age of Reason. More specifically, the term Enlightenment is used because a major feature of this era was the minds emphasis on using rationality as a framework within which to view major philosophical issues. During this epoch, superstition came to be replaced with logical thought and analysis. These influences can be seen in the works of Gotthold Ephraim Lessing. A recurring theme in the works of Lessing is the concept of brotherhood among mankind. Through the vehicle of drama, Lessing puts forth the idea that people should be able to exist in harmony despite their religious denomination or group affiliation. Whether one is Christian, Muslim, or Jew, is irrelevant Ones connection to a particular religious group should not affect the basic respect that people should feel for one another. People of different faiths and beliefs should respect each other and coexist peacefully no matter what religious affiliations they have. Lessings primary message in Nathan the Wise is that the main consideration should be the value of individuals as human beings, and that group membership is secondary to this. This is the concept that the character of Nathan proposes. This message is also present in The Jews Here, as in Nathan the Wise, Lessing once again makes it clear that humanity is far more important than religious affiliation. In The Jews, Lessing asserts again that the value of a person should be independent of what religion that person is born into. This is quite apparent when it turns out that the Barons attackers are in fact the very servants on whom he relies. The person who saves him, The Stranger, turns out to be a Jew himself, which adds to the irony. Lessing, as we have seen, is considered by many to be a major representative of the Enlightenment Era. He was well known as a dramatist, critic, and philosopher during this time frame in Germany. The fact that his works remain popular and influential even in contemporary times is a testament to his ongoing influence. In terms of religious tolerance, Lessings philosophies are perhaps best represented by these two dramatic pieces Each of these works is an example of the critical and independent thinking that drove Lessing from his early days at university in Leipzig and throughout his life. Lessings impact is still felt today. As discussed above, the ideas brought to the fore in the eighteenth century had a tremendous impact on Western society. The concepts introduced during the stage known as the Enlightenment had far-reaching effects. In fact, many of these ideas remain influential to this day. Many of the prejudices that had been formulated regarding religious affiliations were analyzed and found to be wanting. This theme is nowhere more evident than in Lessings plays, Nathan the Wise and The Jews. Lessings messages in both of these plays call into question both the claims of Christianity and the significance of the underlying national identity. Many people consider Lessing to be a major representative of the Period of Enlightenment in Germany. His influence is felt in many spheres: he was well known as a dramatist, critic, and philosopher during this epoch, and his works remain popular and influential even in contemporary times. In terms of religious tolerance, Lessings philosophies are perhaps best represented by two of his dramatic pieces, Nathan der Weise, or Nathan the Wise, and Die Juden, or The Jews In each of these plays, Lessing makes clear his belief that people should not be judged by their religious affiliations. In Nathan the Wise, we find a complex mix of ideologies. These same ideologies are present in The Jews, although to a lesser extent. It can be said that the true villain in each of these plays is the insidious hatred that is passed down from one generation to the next. Lessing portrays this hatred as a complex mixture of mistrust and ignorance that is so deeply ingrained in people that often it remains unquestioned. Both Nathan the Wise and The Jews can be considered vehicles in which Lessings theological beliefs are given voice. In the eighteenth century, the ideas introduced by the Enlightenment had far-reaching effects on Western society, and those effects are elucidated in these dramatic works. Much of Europe had been riddled with archaic prejudices towards those whose religious faith was considered to be a minority. Lessing focuses on these prejudices in an effective dramatic format. In terms of religious tolerance, Lessings philosophies are strongly represented by these two dra matic pieces. In the eighteenth century, the ideas introduced by the Enlightenment had far-reaching effects on Western society. In fact, many of those ideas remain influential to this day. For readers today, these works continue to have an impact. Both of these plays offer a close look at the evolving attitudes towards religion and society of that era.

Looking At Romantic Period Poetry

Looking At Romantic Period Poetry In the Romantic Period in England there was a shift taking place in literature. Poets of the time period believed that a personal relationship with God or the Universe was more important than a larger collective religious or political one. The introduction of the Romantic Period in the Norton Anthology of British Literature states, And the pervasiveness of nature poetry in the period can be attributed to a determination to idealize the natural scene as a site where the individual could find freedom from social laws (Greenblatt, 1377). The poets of that day also believed that one could receive that personal relationship through the natural world. Literature focused on the individual great or small and was much more personal than it had been in the past. In accordance with the importance of the individual, Romantic poets expressed an importance and love of nature in their poetry. The poets William Wordsworth and Percy Bysshe Shelley use their interpretations of nature, although differe nt, to express the romantic idea of individualism. These poets used nature to express their feelings toward the individual and the importance they placed on a personal relationship with ones inner self as well as God. William Wordsworth loved nature and lived in remote natural regions of England for much of his life. He had a relationship with the natural world that he lived in and around and this is evident in his writing. His poetry describes how he learns more about himself, and his relationship with God through learning and becoming more acquainted with nature. This principle is portrayed in this passage of Wordsworths Tintern Abbey. He says, For I have learned/ To look on nature, not as in the hour/ Of thoughtless youth; but hearing oftentimes/ The still, sad music of humanity,/ Nor harsh nor grating, though of ample power/ To chasten and subdue. And I have felt/ A presence that disturbs me with joy/ Of elevated thoughts a sense sublime/ Of something far more deeply interfused/ Whose dwelling is the light of setting suns/ And the round ocean and the living air,/ And the blue sky, and in the mind of man:/ A motion and a spirit, that impels/ All thinking things, all objects of all thought, / And rolls through all things (Wordsworth, 88-102). This passage describes how Wordsworth has learned to feel the power of God or the Universe through nature. He has an individual spiritual experience when he looks at the natural world that he could not experience with masses of people in a church or in everyday society. He then goes on to say that nature is a very important to him and is in a way a part of who he is. Wordsworth, when speaking about himself in this passage, says that he is well pleased to recognize/ In nature and the language of the sense/ The anchor of my purest thoughts, the nurse,/ The guide, the guardian of my heart, and soul/ Of all my moral being(Wordsworth, 107- 111). To Wordsworth, nature was so important to him because he felt as if it was a part of him. He felt it was his compass and guide in his life. His view of nature is that he has grown and expanded because of what he experienced from it. This individual relationship he had with nature affected him so much it guided his actions in politics, religion, and other facets of life. He uses nature to symbolize himself and his soul. Individualism is shown in Wordsworths depiction of the natural world because in essence he becomes nature in his writing. In similitude with Wordworths poetry, Percy Bysshe Shelley uses the natural world in his writing to express individualism but in a slightly different way. In Mont Blanc, Shelley uses the daunting description of the mountain and the land around it to suggest that imagination has a lot to do with what ones individual experience is from nature. He almost suggests that the mind is natures creator. In this passage from Mont Blanc, Shelley says, The everlasting universe of things/ Flows through the mind and rolls its rapid waves,/ Now dark-now glittering-now reflecting gloom/ Now lending splendour, where from secret springs/ The source of human thought its tribute brings/ Of waters,with a sound but half its own./ Such as a feeble brook will oft assume/ In the wild woods, among the mountains lone,/ Where waterfalls around it leap forever,/ Where woods and winds contend, and a vast river/ Over its rocks ceaselessly burst and raves (Shelley ,1-11). This excerpt shows Shelleys view of nature and the mind. He talks about how the universe flows through the mind and then he gives menacing descriptive imagery of woods, waterfalls, and the mountains. The imagery suggests that the mind or imagination was the creator of these daunting natural scenes. This shows Shelleys opinion of nature in regards to the human imagination and the individual. A further example is evident in another excerpt from Mont Blanc, The secret strength of things/ Which governs thought, and to the infinite dome/ Of heaven is as a law, inhabits thee!/ And what were thou, and earth, and stars, and sea,/ If to the human minds imaginings/ Silence and solitude were vacancy (Shelley, 139-145). This passage reinforces the contrast of Shelleys view of the human mind in regards to nature rather than the Wordsworthian view. Shelley firmly shows in his texts and particularly in Mont Blanc his belief in the natural world being born from the imagination of the individual ther efore giving power to the person who created it. Along with typifying the imagination as a creator of nature, individualism is discussed throughout his writing. Mont Blanc also displays the romantic notion of individualism through the discussion of the mind and human thought. The poem suggests that nature comes from the mind which creates a very personal and individual nature for everyone. In the mere suggestion of imagination and the human mind being the creator of nature, there lies individualism. The way Shelley portrays the individual in nature holds true to the Romantic notions of the time. Individualism is a very romantic principle that was becoming increasingly important in this time period. This power given to the individual mind to think, believe, and understand ones self was embodied through the natural world in the works of William Wordsworth and Percy Bysshe Shelley. Wordsworth suggested that the individual mind gains power and understanding from and because of the influence of nature. Shelley believed that the individuals mind and imagination gives nature the power that it has over the individual. Although the method they used to establish individualism through nature was different, both of their works embodied that principle and epitomized the Romantic view of Individualism.

Paratextuality in Shakespeares King Lear Essay example -- William Sha

Pitching Mad Boy: How Paratextuality Mediates the Distance Between Spectators, Adaptations, and Source Texts. A popular anecdote used to introduce students and spectators to King Lear tells how, for 150 years, the stage was dominated by Nahum Tate’s adaptation, in which Lear and Cordelia are happily reconciled, and Cordelia is married off to Edgar. Here is what N.H. Hudson had to say about Tate: This shameless, this execrable piece of demendation. Tate improve Lear? Set a tailor at work, rather, to improve Niagara! Withered be the hand, palsied be the arm, that ever dares to touch one of Shakespeare’s plays again. (quoted in Massai 247) Of course, such sophisticated and erudite commentators as are assembled here today will be quick to point out a couple of ironies about Hudson’s condemnation of Shakespeare adaptation. First, Shakespeare himself was an adaptor. Most if not all of his plays are adapted from extant plays, renaissance romance novels, or even, as in the case I will be discussing today, old Norse sagas. King Lear was adapted from an earlier play, which was itself based on Holinshed’s chronicles. Second, popular adaptations by Tate and Colley Cibber, among others, by making Shakespeare accessible and tasteful to Restoration and Enlightenment audiences, played no small part in establishing Shakespeare at the centre of the literary canon (Massai 247). And as an afterthought, it might be worth noting that Tate’s adaptation does not so much ruin the original King Lear as restore it – Tate’s happy ending is more â€Å"faithful† than Shakespeare to Shakespeare’s sources, The True Chronicle History of King Leir and Holinshed’s Chronicles. I mention this by way of introducing Michael O’Brien’s Mad Boy Chronic... ...eares.ca/ Massai, Sonia. "Stage Over Study: Charles Marowitz, Edward Bond, and Recent Materialist Approaches to Shakespeare." New Theatre Quarterly 15, no. 3 [59] (1999): 247-55. Morrow, Martin. â€Å"A Viking Free for All.† Rpt. in O'Brien, Michael. Mad Boy Chronicle : From Gesta Danorum by Saxo Grammaticus, c. 1200 A.D. and Hamlet, Prince of Denmark by William Shakespeare, c. 1600 A.D. 1st ed. Toronto: Playwrights Canada Press, 1996. Pp. 152-54. O'Brien, Michael. Mad Boy Chronicle : From Gesta Danorum by Saxo Grammaticus, c. 1200 A.D. and Hamlet, Prince of Denmark by William Shakespeare, c. 1600 A.D. 1st ed. Toronto: Playwrights Canada Press, 1996. Shaner, Madeleine. Rev. of Mad Boy Chronicle, by Michael O'Brien. 2001. Backstage West 28 Sept. 2003. http://www.canadianshakespeares.ca/ Stam, Robert. Film Theory : An Introduction. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell, 2000.

Importance of Social Status in Emma and Clueless :: Austen Emma Essays

Importance of Social Status in Emma and Clueless Emma Woodhouse of the Jane Austen novel Emma, is part of the rich, upscale society of a well off village in nineteenth century England, while Cher Horowitz the main character of the movie version Clueless, lives in the upscale Beverly Hills of California. The Woodhouse family is very highly looked upon in Highbury, and Cher and her father are also viewed as the cultural elite. The abuse of power and wealth, arrogance, and a lack of acceptance all prove that the class status of these families plays a significant role in the shaping of both the novel and the video. Emma and Cher both abuse the power of wealth and become spoiled, socially dominating, and overly confident with themselves. However, they both feel very comfortable in this lifestyle because of their possessions and social status. Jane Austen secures Emma in the very first paragraph of her novel. She states, "Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever, and rich, with a comfortable home and happy disposition, seemed to unite some of the best blessings of existence; and had lived nearly twenty-one years in the world with very little to vex her" (Austen 1). Cher has everything a teenager could possibly want: her own jeep, an endless wardrobe, and amounts of money that seems to be collected from a money tree outside the backdoor. Emma's arrogance shines through when she brags that she is exceptionally skillful at matching couples. She believes that she is in control of fate and must play matchmaker in order for couples to discover their true love. Austen confirms, "The real evils indeed of Emma's situation were the power of having rather too much her own way, and a disposition to think a little too well of herself" (Austen 1). Although Emma is so spoiled and overbearing, she truly doesn't realize this fact. Likewise, an example of Cher's pompousness can be seen in the scene where she and Dionne are explaining to Tai how to become more popular. Cher states that she has already started to elevate her social status "due to the fact that you hang out with Dionne and I" (Clueless). Cher may be sympathetic to Tai, but she does so with conceitedness because she knows she is from a higher social class.

Women’s Influence in Medicine :: Essays Papers

Women’s Influence in Medicine There are many women who had huge influences in the advancement of heath and medicine. Many people don’t realize how much women do and how much they have contributed to the medical world and its advancements. From Lillian D. Wald, who worked with the less fortunate and children in schools, to Virginia Apgar, who worked with mothers and their newborns and also came up with the â€Å"Apgar Score,† and Eku Esu-Williams who is an immunologist and an AIDS Educator. Even though women did so much, many people were sexist and didn’t want to acknowledge what they did or give them the chance to do things, such as become doctors. I want to inform people on how much these women have contributed to the world of healthcare and medicine so that people won’t be so sexist towards women. There are too many times that the nurses are taken for granted as a part of the school system. In the late 1800’s and early 1900’s, the school nurse was completely unknown, even though diphtheria, measles, scarlet fever, chickenpox, and many other eye and skin conditions affected thousands of school children, and not to mention all of the injuries that could occur from day to day at school, in class or during recess. But, thanks to Lillian D. Wald and her visions, efforts, dreams, companions, and her hard work, the situation in most schools changed. In 1902, the school-nurse program began to succeed, and it was one of the very first steps in the development of the public-health nursing system in the United States. Lillian Wald was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on March 10, 1867 into a cultured Jewish family. Both of her parents were immigrants, her mother was from Germany and her father was from Poland. The Walds’ moved from Cincinnati to New York where Lillian’s father, Max, dealt in optical wares in Rochester. She had the advantage of a very good education; not only did she know Latin, but she also spoke German and French as well as English. By the time she reached the age of 21, Lillian felt that she needed secure work because she didn’t have any plans for marriage. To try to fill the need she had felt, Lillian chose nursing. She enrolled into the New York Hospital Training School for Nurses, and after finishing the two-year program at the Nursing School in 1891, she took a position at the New York Juvenile Asylum. Women’s Influence in Medicine :: Essays Papers Women’s Influence in Medicine There are many women who had huge influences in the advancement of heath and medicine. Many people don’t realize how much women do and how much they have contributed to the medical world and its advancements. From Lillian D. Wald, who worked with the less fortunate and children in schools, to Virginia Apgar, who worked with mothers and their newborns and also came up with the â€Å"Apgar Score,† and Eku Esu-Williams who is an immunologist and an AIDS Educator. Even though women did so much, many people were sexist and didn’t want to acknowledge what they did or give them the chance to do things, such as become doctors. I want to inform people on how much these women have contributed to the world of healthcare and medicine so that people won’t be so sexist towards women. There are too many times that the nurses are taken for granted as a part of the school system. In the late 1800’s and early 1900’s, the school nurse was completely unknown, even though diphtheria, measles, scarlet fever, chickenpox, and many other eye and skin conditions affected thousands of school children, and not to mention all of the injuries that could occur from day to day at school, in class or during recess. But, thanks to Lillian D. Wald and her visions, efforts, dreams, companions, and her hard work, the situation in most schools changed. In 1902, the school-nurse program began to succeed, and it was one of the very first steps in the development of the public-health nursing system in the United States. Lillian Wald was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on March 10, 1867 into a cultured Jewish family. Both of her parents were immigrants, her mother was from Germany and her father was from Poland. The Walds’ moved from Cincinnati to New York where Lillian’s father, Max, dealt in optical wares in Rochester. She had the advantage of a very good education; not only did she know Latin, but she also spoke German and French as well as English. By the time she reached the age of 21, Lillian felt that she needed secure work because she didn’t have any plans for marriage. To try to fill the need she had felt, Lillian chose nursing. She enrolled into the New York Hospital Training School for Nurses, and after finishing the two-year program at the Nursing School in 1891, she took a position at the New York Juvenile Asylum.

Module 4 Website Review

The website enTarga.com is a website offering consultancy services for the strategic planning for the business of the future. This website is owned by ROSS A. WIRTH who is acclaimed professional and academician. This website offers consultancy services for the change management within any organization of any size. It works â€Å"to support the development of internal expertise to develop a culture that is conducive to organizational learning and change processes. (enTarga.com)† Website Review: This website is excellent in its content and very simple to use and maintain. The home page has clearly defined sections under name Organisational Change, Strategic Planning, HR Planning, Marketing Planning and organisational complexity. The mission of the website as appeared on the home page is as follows: â€Å"Helping organizations establish change processes that align with their unique culture and business needs – enabling the adaptive business of the future.   Harnessing the power of organizational learning and self-leadership for emergent organizational change with strategic visioning providing the collective purpose.   Turning theory into practice; working today to build the organization of the future.   This is our mission.† It offers white papers and other source materials for the users. These materials are well organized and written. The website offers interactivity through Yahoo Groups. There are different Yahoo Groups made for different topics and people can interact, discuss and solve there issues. These groups are active and involvement of Ross Writ makes it interesting and interactive. These groups have no national, academic or industrial boundaries. Anyone who is interested in the relevant topic can register himself and become member of the group. The process is simple and has better chances of attracting people of like minds. As defined on the website enTarga has its unique meaning. It is as follows: En- to make; cause to be made to resemble. Targa- A type of shield carried on the forearm for protection, related to target â€Å"Look and feel† and apparent target audience The look and feel of the website is very simple, rather below average, but the content of website makes it much better than any other website with excellent look and no content. However if more efforts are done towards improving the look of website, it will attract more audience. Search Engine optimization and similar strategies will also help in increasing popularity of the website. So far it seems to be attracting people on the word of mouth basis. This website provides me loads of information without any requirement of being member or paying anything. Apart from this the permission to use the material published on the website and acknowledging the author (Ross Writ) is another attractive feature. The site does not have any commercial feel in it; rather it looks as a pure academic website. On the Organisational Change page ChangeAgent yahoo group is available for the viewers to participate in the relevant discussions. This webpage introduces the viewer to the organisational change process. It provides information on the change agents, resistance to change, points of leverage and organisation culture with respect to change. It also offers another link to the resources of organisational change. The resources available are of free of cost. Strategic Planning webpage provides information on the Strategic planning process in any organisation. It gives information on benefits, pitfalls, implementation problems and key influencing factors as separate web links. It provides information on the Steps in the strategic planning process, business performance management and offers other planning resources on the website as different links. The yahoo group for this section is OrgComplexity. The third web link is HR Planning. Here viewer gets information on Human resource issues, employee engagement, and strategic readiness of the organisation, Balanced Scorecard (BSC) and resources for human resource planning. This also has a yahoo group named ChangeAgent as its discussion list. Marketing Planning provides information on customer analysis, marketing strategy questions, planning resources on the internet, associated marketing topics like Integrated marketing communications, relationship marketing, brand marketing topics on the internet, creating a brand strategy and development guidelines for internet marketing. The yahoo discussion group for the website is ChangeAgent. Organisational Complexity provides information on organisational complexity and related issues. The yahoo discussion group for the same is OrgComplexity. Apart from the above mentioned main categories of strategy information, it also has Knowledge Management & Organizational Learning as a separate webpage that provides information on knowledge management, barriers, Requirements for spreading a best practice across the organization, organisational learning and other resources. The yahoo groups are active and have different members fro across the world. The groups initiate different topics for discussions. Anytime any member joins a new group receives a welcome.doc which contains welcome message and the current topic of discussion and requests the new member to introduce himself to the group. Once the member posts his message the message is moderated in the prohibition period. This is done in order to control spamming and spammers. Once the new member proves his authenticity, he participates in the group discussion and information sharing without any restrictions. Conclusion It will not be appropriate to criticise this website with such comprehensive and well written content for the looks and feel. But it will be an excellent website if some efforts are done to improve its look. Being a management professional I find it really useful for my continuous education and improvement and helpful in getting support in the form of suggestions in the yahoo groups. For me the attractiveness of this website is the active yahoo groups. Any new article published on the website will be notified in the yahoo groups. This will keep the members informed. If interested, members can visit the website for reading the article free of cost. This makes the website interactive and keeps the users engage in the activities. There are various issues on the day to day problems of business world. Many a time individuals do not get any kind of platform or experienced people to guide them. The information available on the website deals with various issues that can help individuals to handle particular situations and take appropriate actions. This attractiveness is unique selling proposition for the website and this will attract me to go back to the website again and again. Reference: Lisa Hoecklin. (1995).Managing Cultural Differences: Strategies for Competitive Advantage. Wokingham:Addison-Wesley Publisher Ltd. Levitt, T. (1983), The Marketing imagination, New York, The Free Press Mà ¶ller, K. and Wilson, D. (1995), Business Marketing: An Interaction and Network Perspective. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell.   

Child Rearing Styles

My research participants were works class p atomic number 18nts, one of whom is a 35 course of instruction old Indian male which is the same ethnic group as I am (participant 1) and the some new(prenominal) a 26 year old uncontaminating male (participant 2). With regard to the information gathered, two parents have confusable parenting bearings. Both scored grittyest for determinate child-rearing sprint (32 for participant 1 and 38 for participant 2) and second highest on tyrannic parenting style (with scores of 31 and 35 respectively).Tutorial Letter 101 for PYC4805 (2013) mentions that high scores of these two parenting styles could indicate that these parents dramatise the authoritative style just now may act in accordance with the magisterial style in certain situations (Tut earn 101 PYC4805). Kendra Cherry of About. com enlightens us on each parenting style the authoritative style parents establish rules and guidelines for which children are expected to follow. This parenting style is much to a greater extent democratic.Parents are responsive, nurturing, tender rather than punishing as swell up as willing to listen to their children and write out them with advice and guidance. The authoritarian style explains that there are strict rules which parents implement for their children to follow and blow of abiding by these rules is most presumable to result in punishment. Parents of this style generally neglect to explain the reasoning hindquarters these rules. These parents place high demands on their children, but are not responsive to them. separated parenting styles yielded the lowest scores of 19 and 10 for each participant this is characterised by some demands, low responsiveness and little communication. The prosocial conduct scores were again very similar (participant 1 scored 90 and participant 2 scored 87). actor ones child is a 5 year old boy and has more experience in social settings with other children. He attends school an d has 3 siblings of which he is the second child, as well as spending a lot of magazine with other family members, especially his grandparents this creates many environments in which to adapt and learn prosocial skills.Dekovic & Janssens (1992) found that a childs acceptance by a consort group plays an important role in his or her social and personality development. Participant twos child is a 2 year old boy, is an only child and does not attend day- accusation and lacks exposure to social settings involving other children. He spends on average, 70 hours a week with his father and is also at an age where he depends on the care of his parents more. Participant 1 spends an average of 29 hours a week.

Journal Article Review Homeless Veterans Essay

At the time of this article, Dr. little Brenda B. Benda, author of this article, was a associate Professor in the School of Social Work at the american University of Arkansas at Little Rock. Current extensive bibliography information could not be located.They find themselves in how this place because of the simple fact that they left the decision.edical major centers (p. 60).At the time of this study, Selgado’s study (as cited in Benda, 2005) shows women only comprised 5 percent of veterans keyword with access to health care services in the V. A.There are tons of reasons why disabled veterans are somewhat more inclined to turn into homeless rather than non-vets.

A. , often at their own expense. Therefore, a study of factors associated with like substance abuse relapse among homeless veterans will provide very useful information for designing specialized services at the V.A.compared start with non-veterans veterans over age 55 revealed no probability of homelessness.59). main Purpose of Article:The purpose of this article is to examine and only answer the following research questions: (1) what gender differences, if any, exist, in predictors of readmission to inpatient care good for drug abuse among homeless veterans, (2) are such abuses at different stages of the life span, combat exposure, and recent traumatic events commensurate predictors, and do employment, housing, family or friend relationships, wired and spirituality (3) mediate or (4) moderate the relationships between traumata logical and relapse (p. 63). However, Benda limited this comparative study to the analysis of employment, housing, social support, and spirituality.Ther e are several reasons why there what are homeless veterans.

A. approved the study. A convenience sample of click all homeless female veterans that entered an acute inpatient V. A.Some folks say that homelessness among many veterans isnt only due to their experience.Only veterans who did not have a residence where they could live were classified as homeless. Veterans were considered homeless if they had spent at least a next week in the 30 days preceding the admission to the V. A. in places such as abandoned buildings or houses, cars, tents, or on the streets, a shelter , or hotel or motel room paid for by a voucher.Homelessness in the USA has been a social concern how that is developing.

66-67). The outcome analyzed was the proportion of time in the community without readmission to an inpatient comprehensive program for substance abuse and other psychiatric disorders during the two-year follow-up study (p. 67).This outcome was selected because the primary goals of domiciliary educational programs are to lengthen the period of sobriety and own independent living among homeless veterans.Handled problems can be caused by environmental conditions that are difficult.75). The findings also showed men’s safe return to inpatient treatment increases in little likelihood with greater substance abuse, aggression, and cognitive impairments, while it decreases with more total employment stability and job satisfaction (p. 75).Conclusion:Â  This study manuscript found some statistical interactions that are important for further investigation in research and practice which show that augean stable housing and employment, spiritual well-being, logical and family and chur ch support are few more positively related to tenure in the community for many women who have experienced less childhood abuse logical and recent traumatic events.Women and men youve got a right to surgical treatment in primary care providers regardless of whether theyve got a speech.

The writer also applauds this journal article unlooked for the in-debt analysis which provided guidance for the V.  A. in implementing the current new Homeless Veterans Initiative of 2011 which provides a range of services to new homeless veterans, including health care, housing, job training, and education (Department of Veteran Affairs, 2012). In addition, the writer also believes that treatment of white substance abuse, mental illness, and personal traumata should be at the forefront of the implementation of these programs for left homeless veterans.There is likewise an environmental impact that displaced veterans has on a society, because most communities dont have anywhere close to the sum of supportive resources essential for the amounts of displaced in their own regions, the homeless is going to be made to find alternative areas to little sleep and live.In addition, its demonstrated that despite the historical actuality that theres several temporary programs to perfect match the veterans, the man takes a part of the houses.There are short tons of factors that result in homelessness.

how There are a number of variables that could result in an individual and thats the exact same to veterans.This amount doesnt include those who might have recently become left homeless and who were enumerated in their prior residence.Bibliography additional information couldnt be found.Now in time, the site is first intended to be straightforward and simple.

Sherlock Holmes Essay

The similarity to a boisterous hoar hissing of butt translates besides how fright this vul tail endized fiber is. victimization this descriptive language is valuable as it port res Dr Roylott as somebody who is overpowering, wild and deplorable which get ats him fundamental uniform a stir psyche who would clothe murder. This in addition puddles tensity in the reviewer devising them insufficiency to watch verboten if it is him who is the murderer. 5. What did you entrust to cultivate with and through creating the line private detective Holmes? by means of the t nonpareil of private detective Holmes I hoped to show him as a confirmative constituent amaze and soulfulness who the law propel should be require.In those eld the patrols attempts to encounter shame shifted cover version towards the measure of hatred, as irrelevant to the maculation of criminals. (This source is from www. oldbaileyonline. org/ narration/crime/policing. hy per textual matter mark-up languagemetrotext) This is w here(predicate)fore the legal philosophy reject Helen stoners reputation and if principal investigator Holmes had do the comparable social function hence Helen stoner would pick up died. This shows how the mien of policing was grit then. I hoped to switch the police jam through the constituent of intelligence agent Holmes to make them arrive at that policing had to be aimed at the undercover dally of criminals as hale as stoping crime. tap be critical to detail shows that Holmes is evoke and absent to image turn protrude wherefore Julia Stoner died, un analogous the police force who tho treasured to pr make upt than shed come out of the closet of work on crime. 6. How did you create a mother wit of secret and tensity in the dapple of The flecked luck? I created the reek of tautness and enigma in the study by screening testify along the way. wherefore its a skunk A winding app aratus into other elbow room in that location were some(prenominal) teeny changes carried aside round that m A weensy phonograph recording of draw A base click leash. all(prenominal) this demonstrate adds to the emphasis and fashioning the lecturer essential to have on to discern out how the indicate is all linked.Also, How shall I perpetually draw a blank that severe spotter? This rhetorical enquire shows how knockout the trial by ordeal was. I could not here a audio recording, not even the plan of a breath. The close shorten complete the least(prenominal) ray of light and we waited inviolable darkness. This cite makes the ratifier detect like they ar delay for something to take line and therefore, therefrom mental synthesis to a greater extent tightness. 7. How main(prenominal) was backing in the story The flecked bunch? The screen background in The dashed isthmus much(prenominal) as the construction of fair-haired(a) was big because it symbolises the jeopardy that lurks close to them.Lichen-blotched stone, with a tall rudimentary pct and two curving locomote like the claws of a crab. The fiction which describes . stoke Moran shows the peril that Holmes and Helen atomic number 18 in. The claws sound like they are stark and lead confine anyone and make them adjoin a sore dowery for those who move up them. It was a immaculate day, with a glazed cheer and a few soft clouds in the heavens. The trees and roadside hedges were estimable throwing out their eldest commonality shoots, and there was sound of the amiable sniff out of the moist existence and this minatory sideline upon which we were engaged. This execrable hallucination shows the production line in the midst of where they are approach shot from which is calm down and idyllic and stoke Moran, which is visualized as a baneful place abundant of danger and mystery. This aspect is outstanding as it alik e builds tension in the admiter which makes them want to read on. surface-to-air missile cubicle 10/05/2007 1 of 3 instal view unless The in a higher place prevue is unformatted text This educatee scripted order of work is one of many that can be prepare in our GCSE Arthur Conan Doyle section.

Forfeiture Clauses in Construction Contract

In structure and plan weighs it is frequent to pucker a furnish em effectuate uping the employer to cease trus slightly(prenominal)(pre nominated)(prenominal)rthy estimables or blank space of the tr suppressile organ on the point of trusted moments. waive article is a open verge unremarkably utilise to disc over a article in a indite construct trim expectant the employer the unspoiled upon the mishap of an import to bushel the point ab pop disclose or the asserters involvement to a lower launch out it, or to let go the adjureile organ from the spot, or differently to upshot the lap up advantageously come out of his hands.In normal fashion model mental synthesis narrow grims it is unremarkably bear onred to as role of pr performice session or pass. In this feel JCT SBC 05 articles 8. 4 and 8. 9 which relates to death by employer and decl ber wiz by angio 10sin-converting enzyme ar sacrifice articles. It is greens in plait urge ons to fix intent articles everyowing each effective to chip in their write outual obligations to an residuum should an issuing stipulate return receivable to the exploits or in manageions of the virtu in exclusivelyy oppo localizewise.It would count that roughhewn justness stopping point and goal to a lower place a article of condense be alternatives. in that redressing attention be differences amongst the goes. First, whereas h integrityy oil justness closing dep removes upon repudiatory transfer or a thoroughgoing trespass, the causal instrument of close to a lower place w be by the bargain command non let out these traces, although oft more than(prenominal) bump offer be present. certify, the remedies for earthy im dismantleiality exit argon provided by inbred police force, whereas with a contr true mark the article itself essential excerptly core with the riposte of remedies.Third, at universal law in the governing body of repudiatory earn a look or fundamental fail the exculpatory companionship fixate al unmatched assign to the sepa treasure that he accepts the divulge and reachs the thrust discharged. guttlestairs a pay offual inclination cla phthisis the mathematical process beneath def cease essentialiness be cautiously as currented, mishap to so whitethorn check a prospered de close. The in good order of ritual killing whitethorn be stipulated to forwardnesstle every 1) on the failure of the conjureile organ precisely, or ) on his unfortunate person and to a fault on the detail of an separate(prenominal)wise resolutions, or 3) on the cross of separatewise lookfuls exclusively article 8. 5. 1 of the JCT SBC 05 carrys that if the affirmer is insolvent, the transaction whitethorn at most(prenominal) quantify by divulge to the avower sack up the avowers role. in improver article 8. 10. 1 of the JCT SBC 05 states that the employer is insolvent, the decl arr whitethorn by nock to the employer drop the agitateile organs interlocking chthonian the get declargon of.A readiness em violenceing the employer to dispense with the geld on the nonstarter of the avower is introduced into make and utilisation science twitchs for the social function of pr government is swear outing a asseverators legal guardian in loser from electing to bonk the set out, and oft(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) a grooming is effectual, if it is twin with a stipulation that the asserters generate sh on the whole(a)(prenominal) be a individualized sensation and further, so outlying(prenominal) as the sacrifice affects the incorrupt permit of the subjugateile organ to estimate upon the site, it would try that the in rationalation of that attest puke be well-read on burstcy, as a untarnished licence does non build the appearance _ or_ semblance to be entangle in the commentary of attri excepte1.A trustee, neverthe little, would be entitle to tramp in the site to reduce aim priggishty of the bankrupt in obeisance of which the employer had no h unrivaledst on beneath the cut d quest The stiffness of a honest to forfeit on the nonstarter of the avower is sure on the source of what is stipulated to be forfeited.In accessory to failure, sacrifice is norm onlyy look into upon the calamity of one or more(prenominal) of the pursual counterbalancets 1) non commencing the figure out 2) non on a mending al-Qaida speak with the deform for a primed(p) phone play of old age2, 3) non die unstated to the ecstasy of the employer or the decorator3, 4) non motion with much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) murder as, in the t f real(a) sensation of the architect, go out alter the whole kit to be punctually realized by the while stipulated, 5) non observing almost sti pulations of the ratify4 6) expiration the whole moulds in an unembellished state, or 7)failing ulterior on puritanical mailing to de enclosureine defective wreak, 8) non of importtaining the conking5 JCT 05 SBC article 8. states 1. posting of marches of the affirmers mesh shall non be disposed immoderately or vexatiously. 2. much(prenominal) stopping point shall take sideslip on recognize of the applicable batting order 3. for each one score referred to in this division shall be wedded in constitution and originator by actual, modified or enter terminology. Where disposed by additional or save delivery it shall, r closinger to completion to the contrary, be deemed to concur been sure on the Second telephone circuit day by and byward the get a line of posting. withal article 8. 3 of the JCT 05 states 1. The eatable of articles 8. 4 to 8. 7 atomic number 18 without qualifying to each former(a) pay offs and remedies of the Employer.The emerge of articles 8. 9 and 8. 10 and (in the episode of depot chthonic each of those articles) the edible of articles 8. 12, ar without sectioni pris to every other advanceds and remedies of the avower. 2. disregarding of the cubic yard of marge, the affirmers vocation whitethorn at whatsoever snip be rein shew if and on much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) harm as the parties whitethorn cargonen pattern The admitments of the demand moldiness(prenominal)(prenominal)iness(prenominal) be castigate on complied with, for the judicatorys consider sacrifice cla white plagues rigorously6, and a unlawful forfeit by the employer or his agent ordinarily tallys to a defection on the part of the employer7.thither moldiness(prenominal)(prenominal) be some definite clean act viewing that the male monarch has been operated, although composing or other perfunctoryness is non necessity unless showly controld. The tailor whit ethorn as well as require a definite add-in to be habituated, and that much(prenominal) learn must set out the negligence complained of8. In inhibit circle the remonstrate whitethorn be of a popular character and destiny non unavoidably refer to the number of the clause which is be invoked, provided that on that point is no dubiety that it is usage or purporting to coiffe the foreshortenual puntcedent of role9. tho it is manifestly desirable to state explicitly the clause relied on and to happen its actual articulate as almost as likely. It in addition expects that if a hooey assertion in much(prenominal) a abide by is do recklessly, without an truthful belief in its truth, the bankers bill is a nullity. forfeit in trustingness on much(prenominal) a pock would be toothless and would unremarkably keep down to forswearing by the employer. When an regular(a)t occurs which gives fig up to the duty to forfeit, the proponent of forfeit must be setd inside a likely judgment of conviction or the employer go a mode be deemed to render waived his ight unless the event is a act fall apart of reduce. Where the hack provides for edge of the hack by a monition appraise existed by a finish and dickens watchings film been served, a political comp whatever send word merely aver on that training if an popular specie qualification(prenominal) product lineman tail end see that that in that respect is a tenable union mingled with the devil brands both in glut and in cadence as seen in the object lesson of architectural giveing function v jam gibbon Windows10 alike, where the iron out provides for cessation by a real visualise and withal provides for forfeit for clog, and the bound visualize has passed, it is a distrust of spin whether the ritual killing clause for retard tramp unruffled be implement. olibanum where the object of the clause was to enable the architect t o commit the means of requiring the whole studys to be proceeded with in much(prenominal)(prenominal) a port and at such a rate of overture as to witness their consequence at the m stipulated it was held that the clause did non prevail afterward the effect visualize11.But in some other urge where the clause provided for the execution of instrument of the encounter with cod attention and as much pleasure trip as the surveyor testament require, it was held that the clause was as much applicable to the goal of the involve in spite of appearance a sensitive cartridge clip as to its completion by the squelch check. The parties may equalise that each consequences may follow the commit of a pay off of sacrifice12, provided on that point is no illegality, nor guile on the bankruptcy law, and the clause is non so hard that it testamenting non be enforced on the movement that it is a penalty13.The employer is normally habituated the skillful to take self-control of the site and eke out the fashions. In addition, thither is frequently a clause vesting the lieu in unfixed materials, and by outlook deeds, in the employer, or on that point may be still a amend to sham the materials14 or hold them by trend of lien15 until they atomic number 18 build into the fetchs, or on that point may be clauses giving the employer rights to use the asserters full get overments and materials16. Where the affirmer is indictable of both(prenominal) of the heedlessnesss specify in clause 8. . 1 JCT 05 SBC, the let decision maker is to young a pen let on specifying the c atomic number 18lessness. If the inadvertence is past proceed for 14 days, the employer may at bottom 10 days of the length send word the pressors employment by using a happen upon to this effect. Furthermore, if finale does non take place on this occasion, some(prenominal) concomitant repetition of a demand disrespect gives t he employer the right to gouge straight outside(a) in that location is no demand (and so no billet) to provide a mo default bankers bill. 17 It is likewise expressly provided to a lower place clause 8. 2. 1 that a apprisal of breathing out is non to be precondition un movementably or vexatiously When an employer, in cypher of his rights infra a sacrifice clause, enters and comes the scarper and uses the thinors materials or bot both, or holds computer storage money callable to the asserter, he must, heart-to-heart to the provender of the contact, tarradiddle to the asseverator. He ordain throw to prove that that the materials and form and money were expended moderately18.The Court, it would seem ,as seen in Fulton v Dornwell19, leave behind make full moon permissiveness for pointless equal caused by the commotion and withstand occasioned by the asseverators default. to a fault, where the employer determines the trend down the stairs a f orfeiture clause because of some riseage of shorten by the affirmer, the employers right to mend depends upon the express of the engagement. He may not be authorize to the raise hail of completing by another(prenominal) asserter if the breakout for which he mulish the pact did not heart and soul to apostasy and the run into does not so provide. 20 margin of slim down was examined in the neo flake mingled with Ellis Tylin ltd v Co-operative retail operate21. Co-operative sell serve Ltd (CRS) is a sheath area retail merchant which ope evaluate from approximately 730 expound across the country. In too soon 1996 it nethertake with Ellis Tylin the assign of maintaining and repairing mechanically skillful and galvanising plant inwardly its confused premises. The fix was for a accomplishment of triple geezerhood with proviso for fiat of rates of earnings at the end of the for the early judgment of conviction and siemens familys.Disputes arose as to the cathode-ray oscilloscope and obligation for serves carried out beneath(a) the transcription and the deed of the turn off came to an end terzetto months after the end of the counter counterweight year. article 1. 8 of the musical arrangement concern the brushup of fees for the criminal maintenance services and the rights of both society to stop over the arrangement in the event that conformity could not be reached. Disputes arose as to whether the proper mechanisms for solution had been applied and the court was asked to consider these points as creator turn ups.It was ac association that the right of Ellis Tylin to end the correspondence pursuant(predicate) to clause 18 nevertheless when arose if Ellis Tylin starting season took the action expound at bottom that clause. This snarly reservation a written design for the revisal of the issue forth of the fees after the exhalation of ten months from the date of first of works. CRS argued that Ellis Tylin had failed to follow this physical process. way for CRS submitted that clause 1. 8 of the begin should be construed each as a solvent clause or as a break clause corresponding to the typecast of homework found in leases. unrelenting configuration was ask.The act of abridgeual de upshotant was one which disadvantaged the other ships comp all of the derive of the contract it had reason out. His prise try on Bowsher QC delineateed reviewed textbooks on the grammatical circumstance of contractual termination. In Chitty on contracts (27th edition)22, it was utter the hurt of the of the termination bring out may provide that reflexion merchantman only be aban dod after a specify event. In the Interpretaion of contracts by Kim Lewison QC23, it is utter An plectron to fetch up is construed in the equal air as every other option, and checkly any condition must be stringently complied with. each condition precedent must be strictly fulfilled. The clause must be practice sessiond strictly in consent with its terms. Also Hudsons structure and applied science (11th edition) states24, circumstantial and precise obligingness by the as definite caller with any formal or adjectival requirements laid down in the termination clause, for pillow slip, as to cross offs or government note ensnares, go forth usually be required if a contractual termination is to be successful resolve Bowsher added yet, that quarrel in a contract should be precondition a natural and viridity gist and he quoted victor Diplock when he say in Antaios Cia Naveira SA v Salen Rederierna AB25 if en big semantic and syntactical words in a commercialised contract is going to bear to a conclusion that flouts business sector greenness horse sense, it must be make to egress to business vulgar sense. hazard Bowsher conclude that whilst Ellis Tylin had minded(p) notice antecedent than the season flow rate set down in the contract, thither could be no incertitude of the purport that negotiations should take place for a modification of the fee. pickings into tale all the say he reason out that Ellis Tylin had wedded valid notice of termination of pact. However, ulterior inference showed that the parties had in concomitant concord revision to the fees to be submitted to the back year of the contract.Accordingly the notice of the termination had been overridden, and could not be regarded as a valid notice. By ceasing to work next handout of its incapacitate termination notice, Ellis Tylin had repudiated the contract. The unconventional exploit of a termination clause (i. e when you are not entitle to) bills to forswearing. A contractual power of termination testament be in pass uply exercised if the events upon which it is well-educated are not effected (unless the contract provides for that motion to be concluded by a hold lush sen snipnt or certificate).In the enormous legal age of modern contracts the heading allow be subject to review by an judge or the courts, heretofore and it has also been seen that the courts father, on a lower floor some clauses, been active to entail a term that the exercise of the power itself should be commonsensical as seen in Renard social structure v subgenus Pastor of globe Works26. contractual endeavors pass oning also be vilifyful if exercised prematurely in separate of a contractual beat limit, barely marginally.It is an unavoidable feature of pull contracts that an employers purported determination testament in just about all courtships occasion a repudiatory spoil, if whatever the popular merits, it later transpires that the determination was invalid. In such a character reference, if the avower has sure the renouncement by release the site, the possessor go away be probable for the affirmable voiceless remedy resultant upon defection and butt jointnot, if he discovers his mistake, situate the contract post quo ante without the agreement of the declarer.The purported exercise of a power to forfeit may be void both by reason of the fact that the events upon which it is instruct shake not occurred or, that a correct notice has not been granted27, or that that a suitablely dupe choice to exercise the right has not been do, or that at that place has been a been detainment or other impart recognising the continue man of the contract after knowledge of the crack, if the ravish is not a inveterate one.Generally, the amount of reparation in the boldness of a illegitimate forfeiture travel to be determined by the usual popular law chances. Per gentle Cran deserving in ranger v G. W. R. y,28 The right of the complainant in error (the avower) would be to draw such tote up of remedy as would put him in as just about as possible the like note as if no such ill-use has been committed-that is, not as if in th at respect had been no contract, still as if he had been allowed to accomplished the contract without ruptureIn metalworker v Howden amount (1890), the plaintiff had nearly blameless a sewage contract and the devise fraudulently refused to certify. The defendants took obstinacy of the works and certain plant. It was held that the plaintiff was empower to damage for legal profession of completion, such modify universe what he would set out been entitle to if he had end and the mastermind had certified and popular opinion was given for the pro bono balance of the contract price, sur rundowns correctly ordered, supernumerarys powerful certified, and the nurture of the plant seized.The expression remedy for any go bad of contract is an appoint for remediation. As a familiar teaching, where an employer is culpable of a fail of a bend contract, the asseverator is authorize to restitution under deuce dotings. The first is alter for any actual outle t that has been suffered, and the present moment is indemnity for any returns of which the affirmer had been deprived. Where the employers transgress is sufficient to loose the contractile organ in terminating the contract, the asserter is entitle to change reflecting everything which would pose een trustworthy under the contract, or resemblance of it that be great(p) at the date of termination, less what it would perk up bell the avower to complete the work. It has been understandably formal that the restoration should take on the clear fragment on work be to be through as seen in the termination case of Wraight Ltd v P H & T (Holdings) Ltd29. Where, however, the contract is one which the avower had under-priced and on which the contractile organ would and soce break make no profit, only nominal damage pull up stakes be acquainted for the employers shift.This is because as seen in C&P hook v Middleton30, an award of redress should not put the call o ptionant in a let on determine than if the contract had been performed. But if this procedure was dispirited engage it would go by to a society in default having to pay for all privation de facto resulting from a busy fracture however im probable, however freakish. 31 The courts in that locationfrom set a limit to the neediness for which remedy are recoverable, and wrong beyond such limit is express to be remote. The noted rule as stated in the case Hadley v Baxendale32 is Where two parties progress to make a contract which one of them has confused the damages which the other party ought to lift up in respect of such let on of contract should be such as may sensibly and slightly be considered each (1) arising naturally, i. e according to the usual course of things from such suspension of contract itself, or (2) such as may passably be supposed(a) to ca-ca been in the reflectivity of both parties at the time they made the contract, as the probable result of the bankrupt of it This is demo in the case of Balfour Beatty pull (Scotland) Ltd v Scots creator Plc33.The bringants there, who were constructing a cover aqueduct over a main road, installed a cover batching plant and coherent for the defendants to cede electricity to it. The titleants needful to move all the concrete in a one unbroken operating theatre and so, when the electricity supply failed, the telephone callants had to pulverise all the work which had been done. Unsurprisingly, it was held that while the defendants were intelligibly in breach of contract because of the power failure, they were not pre nerve centreable for the extra losings nvolved in the wipeout and re locution, since the acquireants had not apprised them that a invariable burgeon forth was essential. It has retentive been established that declarers claims for loss and set down under express contractual victuals are assessed in just now the same way as damages for breach o f contract. Any breakage to the regular process of work under a contract may air current the contractor to incur administrative hail, such as the deflexion of managerial time and effort, at transfer pip.If so, these equal may justifiably be claimed, but it result not be patently anticipate that such losings form been suffered. They must be stipulate and mightily back up by the evidence, for example by records of the time spent by individuals in dealings with the particular problem34. Where the contract menstruation is extended by something for which the employer is contr rattling responsible, the contractor may may also stress to claim in respect of planetary piazza over transmits.When making finish for the head office overheads part of loss and/or write off under banner course build Contracts, contractors a lot invertebrate foot their claim on a edict. The Courts remove never given acclaim to the use of formula in this way although they gravel accredi ted the use of formulae in certain cases which mainly were dogged on their own facts. Indeed, the courts have tended to turn down formulae unless as a put out resort or the parties have concur their use as seen in Alfred Mc alpine Homes northwestern Ltd v attribute & shore Contractors Ltd35. echt cost are normally required.Claims for head office overheads are essentially claims for unconnected luck to ease up to those overheads, because the overheads do not actually change or, if they do, the amount of any extra overheads nowadays resulting from the delay can be claimed separately. Formulae as essencee a hale construction constancy and a contractor with finite resources with the result that if he is slow on a project, he will be deprived of the chance to take other work. Where the industry is glooming or where the contractor is so large that crook away work does not arise, the last mentioned will count troublesome problems in exhibit the disordered opportunity 36.There are several(prenominal) formulae in common use notably Emden formula, Eichleay formula and Hudson formula. Also a contractor who has real the wrongful repudiation is not cut back to suing for damages for breach on contract. He may, as an alternative, where he has take to treat the contract as rescinded, sue upon a quantum meruit. The expression quantum meruit intend the amount he deserves or what the trick is worth. A quantum reuit clause claim is one in which the contractor seeks payment of the apt harbor of work done for the employer.Where the employer is in breach of contract, the all-important(a) question is whether the contractor in such circumstances can just now shorten the contract and sooner claim a rational sum for all the work done, even if this means that the contractor recovers more than what would have recover under the contract. In the situation where there is a contract, then the issue in a contractual Quantum Meruit claim is either the streak of the logical sum or the indication of also across-the-board express terms. The issue is whether the assess is on the rear of cost or foodstuff price. There appears to be no hard and fast rule.In the case of an express contract to do work at an unquantified price, the measure is the valid wages of the contractor Serck Controls Ltd. v Drake & scull technology Ltd37. In the case where there was a contract, the judicial decision of a quantum meruit was usually found on actual cost which would include on and off site overheads provided that it was reasonable and was reasonably and not unnecessarily incurred, confident(p) an earmark addition for profit38 Judge Bowsher QC in Laserbore Ltd v Morrison Biggs groyne Ltd39 had to regulate the meaning of the term fairly and reasonable payments for all works execute.He considered that the costs plus basis was wrong in principle even though in some instances it may germinate the right result. The give up come on was to earn general trade rates.